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İzodem Civata - Özel İmalat Somun Civatalar
Civata - Vida
Parçaları birbirine sökülebilir şekilde bağlamaya yarayan, gövde kısmına vida dişi açılmış, başı altıgen, dörtgen veya değişik biçimlerde şekillendirilmiş bağlantı elemanlarına civata denir. Civatalar genellikle somunla birlikte kullanılır. Vida ise parçaları somun kullanmadan sökülebilir şekilde birleştiren bağlantı elemanıdır. Civata ya da vidanın kısmen veya tamamen vida dişi açılmış kısmına vida denir.
Civata ve Vida farkı resimdeki gibidir:
Dönüş yönü olarak vidalar;
Sağ ve sol helisli vidalar olarak ikiye ayrılır. Vidalar normal olarak sağ helisli vidadır. Sağ helis vidalı civatada somun saat yönünde çevrilirse bağlantı sıkışır, aksi yöne çevrilirse gevşer. Özel durumlarda kullanılan sol helisli vidalar ise saat ibresi yönünde döndürülürlerse bağlantı gevşer, aksi yönde ise sıkışır.
Vida profili olarak vidalar;
Metrik Vida – Normal:
Üçgen diş şekilli bir vida olup tepe açısı 60° olan eşkenar bir üçgendir. Dişlerin uçları kırılmış, dipleri ise dişlerin yüklenmelere karşı dayanımını arttırmak ve imalatı kolaylaştırmak için yuvarlatılmıştır.
Metrik Vida – İnce:
Metrik ince diş vidalar, vida adımı ile belirlenir. Bu vidalar aynı çaptaki normal metrik vidaya göre daha küçüktür. Dişleri sık ve incedir. Metrik ince vidalar, çok kuvvetli bağlantı yapmaya elverişlidir. Vidalamanın yapıldığı yerde sıvı veya gaz özelliğinde akışkan bir maddenin sızma olasılığı varsa mutlaka ince diş vida kullanılır.
Withworth Vida:
Vida tepe açısı 55° olan ikizkenar bir üçgendir. Dişlerin baş ve dipleri yuvarlatılmıştır.
Kare Vida:
Diş kesitleri kare biçiminde olan vidalardır. Dişlerin yanal yüzeyleri vida eksenine diktir. Kare vidaların standardı yoktur.
Trapez Vida:
Diş kesitleri 30° ikizkenar yamuk biçiminde olan vidalardır. Hareket iletimi maksadıyla ana millerinde, sonsuz vidalarda ve pres millerinde kullanılırlar.
Testere Vida:
Diş açısı 33° ve diş profili testere dişleri profiline benzeyen asimetrik kesitli vidadır. Tek yönlü aşırı yüklemelerde, özellikle preslerde kullanılır.
Yuvarlak vida:
Kesitleri belli bir yarıçapa göre kavisli vidalardır. Dişlerin yanal yüzeyleri arasında 30° profil açısı bulunur. Fazla yüklere maruz millerde kumlu, tozlu ve paslanmaya müsait olan millerde kullanılırlar.
Somun
Parçaları birbirine çözebilir şekilde bağlamaya yarayan ortasında vida açılmış deliklerden cıvata ve saplama takılmak suretiyle parçaları birbirine bağlayan, elle, tornavida veya anahtarla sökülüp takılacak şekilde yapılan bağlantı elemanlarına somun denir.
Pul / Yaylı Pul
Pul ve yaylı pul ortası delik bağlantı elemanlarıdır. Pul; parçaların, civata, somun ve benzeri vidalı elemanlarla birbirine bağlanmaları sırasında, kuvveti dağıtarak oturma yerindeki yüzeylerin zedelenmesini önler, Yaylı pul ise; ön gerilme sağlayarak bağlantının kısmen de olsa kendiliğinden gevşemesine engel olur.
Saplama
Her iki ucuna vida açılmış başsız bağlantı elemanlarına saplama denir.
Perçin
En az iki parçayı sökülemeyecek şekilde birleştirmeye yarayan, işin durumuna göre bir tarafına baş oluşturularak hazırlanan bağlantı elemanlarıdır.
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